![]() A short section on pay gaps among population groups designated as visible minorities is also included. The gender wage gap is the difference in average hourly earnings between men and women expressed as a proportion of men’s average hourly earnings. The following analysis focuses on the gender gap in the self-reported gross hourly wages of employees in the core working ages of 25 to 54, as captured by the Labour Force Survey (LFS). ![]() As the “raw” or “unadjusted” wage gap does not account for these differences in observable characteristics, it is but a first step for understanding wage differences between sub-populations. Average hourly wages may differ between some groups for a variety of reasons, including the level of educational attainment, work experience, industry of job, occupation or the share of part-time employment. The difference in gross hourly earnings between sub-population groups can be a partial indicator of the degree of equal opportunity or discrimination in the labour market. ![]() The distribution of male and female employees across industries plays a key role in explaining this gap, particularly the higher proportion of men working in highly paid industries such as construction. Although the gender gap in hourly wages declined from 1998 to 2021 among employees in Canada, male employees continued to have higher hourly earnings than female employees in 2021. ![]()
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